How do Wind Turbines Work?
Wind turbines are at the heart of wind energy. Wind flow is created by a variety of factors, including the rotation of the earth, the effect of high and low pressure systems and the impact of water, mountains and other elements of the earth’s terrain. The effort to harness this motion energy relies heavily on wind turbines. By understanding how wind turbines work, it’s possible to become much more knowledgeable about the growing field of wind power.
The Operation of Wind Turbines
Wind turbines, many of which resemble tall fan blades, work the opposite of a fan, according to scientists. A fan relies on electricity to turn and produce wind. But wind turbines take advantage of wind to produce electricity. They are built to move easily in even the smallest of breezes. That motion allows the turbines to convert the wind energy into mechanical power. The blades are connected to a generator to make and store electricity. In a way, the effect of wind on wind turbines is similar to the effect of wind on the sails of a sailboat. Some of the power of the wind is transferred to the sail, which then propels the sailboat forward. Similarly, the power of wind is transferred to wind turbines.
Facts About Wind Turbines
- Sizes of wind turbines. Turbines can range from 100 kilowatts to several mega watts. When larger turbines are combined, they become known as wind farms, enabling larger amounts of electricity can be produced. Single turbines, usually below 100 kilowatts, are designed for homes.
- Types of wind turbines. Generally speaking, there are two types of wind turbines. One is the traditional horizontal-axis turbine that generally has two or three blades. This turbine is constructed so that the blades face into the direction where the wind is most prevalent during the year. The second type looks something like an eggbeater.
- Height of wind turbines. While this varies, it isn’t unusual for turbines to reach 300 feet in the air, as measured to the center of the rotating blade. The large blades can actually add up to another 30 meters, or 100 feet of height.
- Shadow flicker. A shadow flicker is the shadow that is created by one of the huge blades of a wind turbine on a sunny day. This is a potential area of concern because most wind farms are located on farmland.
- Danger to birds. The National Academy of Sciences has estimated that 20,000 to 30,000 birds died in 2007 after colliding with wind turbines. While the figure may sound high, officials point out that only about 1 percent of all birds are affected by wind turbines.